The principal doctrines in the Chinese Exclusion Act have come back to haunt us centuries later. Today, hopeful immigrants from around the world still come to America searching for a better life for themselves and their families. Yet, political, economic and social conflicts continue to arise with each new group. Different races are now being targeted by America due to the Plenary Power Doctrine.
Unfortunately, not all the damage of the Act has been undone. In upholding the Act, the Supreme Court announced the “Plenary Power Doctrine.” This doctrine holds that the Power of Congress over the admission and deportation of aliens is absolute and not subject to judicial review as to constitutionality. The doctrine has been called the “last vestige of an antique period of American law.”Its stubborn persistence continues to oblige courts to turn a blind eye to laws that infringe on due process or make invidious distinctions based on race, nationality, ideology, or sex.
-Gary Chodorow, 2012
Our attitude towards immigration reflects our faith in the American ideal. We have always believed it possible for men and women who start at the bottom to rise as far as the talent and energy allow. Neither race nor place of birth should affect their chances.”
-Robert F. Kennedy, undated
Everywhere immigrants have enriched and strengthened the fabric of American life"
-John F. Kennedy, 1958